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Vote Smart provides easy access to congressional and state voting records and maintains a collection of key votes grouped by issue. Vote Smart uses the following criteria to select key votes:

  1. The vote should be helpful in portraying how a member stands on a particular issue
  2. The vote should be clear for any person to understand
  3. The vote has received media attention
  4. The vote was passed or defeated by a very close margin
  5. Occasionally, if a specific bill is consistently inquired about on the Voter's Research Hotline, the vote will be added

Vote Smart provides a summary of the version of the bill text associated with each selected key vote. Our summaries are written by Vote Smart's staff and interns, who adhere to our strict policies and procedures in order to guarantee absolute impartiality and accuracy. They do not necessarily reflect the content of the final version of the bill, but rather the version voted on in that stage. While many procedural votes take place before a full chamber vote, our voting stages reflect the final reading of each chamber vote. Each key vote selection is reviewed by the project's community of advisors, who are political scientists and journalists from all fifty states.

For more information about the legislative process, see here.

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Date State Bill No. Title Outcome
Dec. 14, 2023 National HR 2670 National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024 Conference Report Adopted - House (310 - 118)
Dec. 13, 2023 National HR 2670 National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024 Conference Report Adopted - Senate (87 - 13)
Dec. 13, 2023 National HR 1147 Whole Milk for Healthy Kids Act of 2023 Bill Passed - House (330 - 99)
Dec. 12, 2023 National HR 2670 National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024 Cloture Invoked - Senate (85 - 15)
Dec. 12, 2023 National HR 4531 Support for Patients and Communities Reauthorization Act Bill Passed - House (386 - 37)
Dec. 11, 2023 National HR 5378 Lower Costs, More Transparency Act Bill Passed - House (320 - 71)
Dec. 7, 2023 National H J Res 88 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Education relating to "Improving Income Driven Repayment for the William D. Ford Federal Direct Loan Program and the Federal Family Education Loan (FFEL) Program". Joint Resolution Passed - House (210 - 189)
Dec. 6, 2023 National HR 815 A bill to amend title 38, United States Code, to make certain improvements relating to the eligibility of veterans to receive reimbursement for emergency treatment furnished through the Veterans Community Care program, and for other purposes (RELIEVE Act) Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (49 - 51)
Dec. 6, 2023 National HR 4468 Choice in Automobile Retail Sales Act of 2023 Bill Passed - House (221 - 197)
Dec. 6, 2023 National HR 4468 Choice in Automobile Retail Sales Act of 2023 Bill Passed - House (221 - 197)
Dec. 5, 2023 National HR 1547 One Seat Ride Act Bill Passed - House (356 - 61)
Dec. 1, 2023 National S J Res 32 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection relating to "Small Business Lending Under the Equal Credit Opportunity Act (Regulation B)". Joint Resolution Passed - House (221 - 202)
Nov. 15, 2023 National S J Res 43 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Education relating to "Improving Income Driven Repayment for the William D. Ford Federal Direct Loan Program and the Federal Family Education Loan (FFEL) Program". Bill Failed - Senate (49 - 50)
Nov. 15, 2023 National S J Res 43 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Education relating to "Improving Income Driven Repayment for the William D. Ford Federal Direct Loan Program and the Federal Family Education Loan (FFEL) Program". Bill Failed - Senate (49 - 50)
Nov. 14, 2023 National HR 6126 Israel Security Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2024 Bill Tabled - Senate (51 - 48)
Nov. 8, 2023 National S J Res 38 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Federal Highway Administration relating to "Waiver of Buy America Requirements for Electric Vehicle Chargers". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (50 - 48)
Nov. 8, 2023 National S J Res 38 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Federal Highway Administration relating to "Waiver of Buy America Requirements for Electric Vehicle Chargers". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (50 - 48)
Nov. 3, 2023 National HR 3774 Stop Harboring Iranian Petroleum (SHIP) Act Bill Passed - House (342 - 69)
Nov. 2, 2023 National HR 6126 Israel Security Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2024 Bill Passed - House (226 - 196)
Nov. 1, 2023 National HR 4366 Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2024 Bill Passed - Senate (82 - 15)
Oct. 26, 2023 National HR 4394 Energy and Water Development and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2024 Bill Passed - House (210 - 199)
Oct. 25, 2023 National H Res 771 Standing with Israel as it defends itself against the barbaric war launched by Hamas and other terrorists. Resolution Passed - House (412 - 10)
Oct. 19, 2023 National S Res 417 A resolution standing with Israel against terrorism Resolution Passed - Senate (97 - 0)
Oct. 18, 2023 National S J Res 32 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection relating to "Small Business Lending Under the Equal Credit Opportunity Act (Regulation B)". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (53 - 44)
Sept. 28, 2023 National HR 5692 Ukraine Security Assistance and Oversight Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2024 Bill Passed - House (311 - 117)
Sept. 28, 2023 National HR 4368 Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2024 Bill Failed - House (191 - 237)
Sept. 28, 2023 National HR 4365 Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2024 Bill Passed - House (218 - 210)
Sept. 26, 2023 National HR 3935 Securing Growth and Robust Leadership in American Aviation Act Cloture Invoked - Senate (77 - 19)
Sept. 14, 2023 National HR 1435 Preserving Choice in Vehicle Purchases Act Bill Passed - House (222 - 190)
July 27, 2023 National S 2226 National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024 Bill Passed - Senate (86 - 11)
July 27, 2023 National HR 4366 Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2024 Bill Passed - House (219 - 211)
July 20, 2023 National HR 3935 Securing Growth and Robust Leadership in American Aviation Act Bill Passed - House (351 - 69)
July 19, 2023 National HR 3941 Schools Not Shelters Act Bill Passed - House (222 - 201)
July 14, 2023 National HR 2670 National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024 Bill Passed - House (219 - 210)
June 23, 2023 National HR 3564 Middle Class Borrower Protection Act of 2023 Bill Passed - House (230 - 189)
June 21, 2023 National S J Res 11 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Control of Air Pollution From New Motor Vehicles: Heavy-Duty Engine and Vehicle Standards". Veto Override Failed - Senate (50 - 50)
June 21, 2023 National HR 3799 CHOICE Arrangement Act Bill Passed - House (220 - 209)
June 14, 2023 National HR 1640 Save Our Gas Stoves Act Bill Passed - House (249 - 181)
June 13, 2023 National HR 1615 Gas Stove Protection and Freedom Act Bill Passed - House (248 - 180)
June 1, 2023 National H J Res 45 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Education relating to "Waivers and Modifications of Federal Student Loans". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (52 - 46)
June 1, 2023 National H J Res 45 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Education relating to "Waivers and Modifications of Federal Student Loans". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (52 - 46)
May 24, 2023 National H J Res 45 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Education relating to "Waivers and Modifications of Federal Student Loans". Joint Resolution Passed - House (218 - 203)
May 24, 2023 National H J Res 45 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Education relating to "Waivers and Modifications of Federal Student Loans". Joint Resolution Passed - House (218 - 203)
May 23, 2023 National S J Res 11 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Control of Air Pollution From New Motor Vehicles: Heavy-Duty Engine and Vehicle Standards". Joint Resolution Passed - House (221 - 203)
May 3, 2023 National H J Res 39 Disapproving the rule submitted by the Department of Commerce relating to "Procedures Covering Suspension of Liquidation, Duties and Estimated Duties in Accord with Presidential Proclamation 10414" Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (56 - 41)
April 28, 2023 National H J Res 39 Disapproving the rule submitted by the Department of Commerce relating to "Procedures Covering Suspension of Liquidation, Duties and Estimated Duties in Accord with Presidential Proclamation 10414" Joint Resolution Passed - House (221 - 202)
April 26, 2023 National S J Res 11 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Control of Air Pollution From New Motor Vehicles: Heavy-Duty Engine and Vehicle Standards". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (50 - 49)
April 20, 2023 National HR 734 Protection of Women and Girls in Sports Act of 2023 Bill Passed - House (219 - 203)
March 30, 2023 National HR 1 Lower Energy Costs Act Bill Passed - House (225 - 204)
March 29, 2023 National H J Res 7 Relating to a national emergency declared by the President on March 13, 2020 Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (68 - 23)
March 29, 2023 National S 316 A bill to repeal the authorizations for use of military force against Iraq. Bill Passed - Senate (66 - 30)
March 24, 2023 National HR 5 Parents Bill of Rights Act Bill Passed - House (213 - 208)
March 16, 2023 National S 316 A bill to repeal the authorizations for use of military force against Iraq. Cloture Invoked - Senate (68 - 27)
March 10, 2023 National S 619 COVID-19 Origin Act of 2023 Bill Passed - House (419 - 0)
March 1, 2023 National H J Res 30 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Labor relating to "Prudence and Loyalty in Selecting Plan Investments and Exercising Shareholder Rights" Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (50 - 46)
March 1, 2023 National HR 347 Reduce Exacerbated Inflation Negatively Impacting the Nation Act Bill Passed - House (272 - 148)
Feb. 28, 2023 National H J Res 30 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Labor relating to "Prudence and Loyalty in Selecting Plan Investments and Exercising Shareholder Rights" Joint Resolution Passed - House (216 - 204)
Feb. 8, 2023 National HR 185 To terminate the requirement imposed by the Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for proof of COVID-19 vaccination for foreign travelers, and for other purposes. Bill Passed - House (227 - 201)
Feb. 1, 2023 National H J Res 7 Relating to a national emergency declared by the President on March 13, 2020 Joint Resolution Passed - House (229 - 197)
Jan. 31, 2023 National HR 382 Pandemic is Over Act Bill Passed - House (220 - 210)
Jan. 31, 2023 National HR 497 Freedom for Health Care Workers Act Bill Passed - House (227 - 203)
Date No. Title Outcome
12/14 HR 2670 National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024 Conference Report Adopted - House (310 - 118)
12/13 HR 2670 National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024 Conference Report Adopted - Senate (87 - 13)
12/13 HR 1147 Whole Milk for Healthy Kids Act of 2023 Bill Passed - House (330 - 99)
12/12 HR 2670 National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024 Cloture Invoked - Senate (85 - 15)
12/12 HR 4531 Support for Patients and Communities Reauthorization Act Bill Passed - House (386 - 37)
12/11 HR 5378 Lower Costs, More Transparency Act Bill Passed - House (320 - 71)
12/07 H J Res 88 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Education relating to "Improving Income Driven Repayment for the William D. Ford Federal Direct Loan Program and the Federal Family Education Loan (FFEL) Program". Joint Resolution Passed - House (210 - 189)
12/06 HR 815 A bill to amend title 38, United States Code, to make certain improvements relating to the eligibility of veterans to receive reimbursement for emergency treatment furnished through the Veterans Community Care program, and for other purposes (RELIEVE Act) Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (49 - 51)
12/06 HR 4468 Choice in Automobile Retail Sales Act of 2023 Bill Passed - House (221 - 197)
12/06 HR 4468 Choice in Automobile Retail Sales Act of 2023 Bill Passed - House (221 - 197)
12/05 HR 1547 One Seat Ride Act Bill Passed - House (356 - 61)
12/01 S J Res 32 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection relating to "Small Business Lending Under the Equal Credit Opportunity Act (Regulation B)". Joint Resolution Passed - House (221 - 202)
11/15 S J Res 43 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Education relating to "Improving Income Driven Repayment for the William D. Ford Federal Direct Loan Program and the Federal Family Education Loan (FFEL) Program". Bill Failed - Senate (49 - 50)
11/15 S J Res 43 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Education relating to "Improving Income Driven Repayment for the William D. Ford Federal Direct Loan Program and the Federal Family Education Loan (FFEL) Program". Bill Failed - Senate (49 - 50)
11/14 HR 6126 Israel Security Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2024 Bill Tabled - Senate (51 - 48)
11/08 S J Res 38 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Federal Highway Administration relating to "Waiver of Buy America Requirements for Electric Vehicle Chargers". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (50 - 48)
11/08 S J Res 38 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Federal Highway Administration relating to "Waiver of Buy America Requirements for Electric Vehicle Chargers". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (50 - 48)
11/03 HR 3774 Stop Harboring Iranian Petroleum (SHIP) Act Bill Passed - House (342 - 69)
11/02 HR 6126 Israel Security Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2024 Bill Passed - House (226 - 196)
11/01 HR 4366 Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2024 Bill Passed - Senate (82 - 15)
10/26 HR 4394 Energy and Water Development and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2024 Bill Passed - House (210 - 199)
10/25 H Res 771 Standing with Israel as it defends itself against the barbaric war launched by Hamas and other terrorists. Resolution Passed - House (412 - 10)
10/19 S Res 417 A resolution standing with Israel against terrorism Resolution Passed - Senate (97 - 0)
10/18 S J Res 32 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection relating to "Small Business Lending Under the Equal Credit Opportunity Act (Regulation B)". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (53 - 44)
9/28 HR 5692 Ukraine Security Assistance and Oversight Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2024 Bill Passed - House (311 - 117)
9/28 HR 4368 Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2024 Bill Failed - House (191 - 237)
9/28 HR 4365 Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2024 Bill Passed - House (218 - 210)
9/26 HR 3935 Securing Growth and Robust Leadership in American Aviation Act Cloture Invoked - Senate (77 - 19)
9/14 HR 1435 Preserving Choice in Vehicle Purchases Act Bill Passed - House (222 - 190)
7/27 S 2226 National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024 Bill Passed - Senate (86 - 11)
7/27 HR 4366 Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2024 Bill Passed - House (219 - 211)
7/20 HR 3935 Securing Growth and Robust Leadership in American Aviation Act Bill Passed - House (351 - 69)
7/19 HR 3941 Schools Not Shelters Act Bill Passed - House (222 - 201)
7/14 HR 2670 National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024 Bill Passed - House (219 - 210)
6/23 HR 3564 Middle Class Borrower Protection Act of 2023 Bill Passed - House (230 - 189)
6/21 S J Res 11 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Control of Air Pollution From New Motor Vehicles: Heavy-Duty Engine and Vehicle Standards". Veto Override Failed - Senate (50 - 50)
6/21 HR 3799 CHOICE Arrangement Act Bill Passed - House (220 - 209)
6/14 HR 1640 Save Our Gas Stoves Act Bill Passed - House (249 - 181)
6/13 HR 1615 Gas Stove Protection and Freedom Act Bill Passed - House (248 - 180)
6/01 H J Res 45 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Education relating to "Waivers and Modifications of Federal Student Loans". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (52 - 46)
6/01 H J Res 45 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Education relating to "Waivers and Modifications of Federal Student Loans". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (52 - 46)
5/24 H J Res 45 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Education relating to "Waivers and Modifications of Federal Student Loans". Joint Resolution Passed - House (218 - 203)
5/24 H J Res 45 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Education relating to "Waivers and Modifications of Federal Student Loans". Joint Resolution Passed - House (218 - 203)
5/23 S J Res 11 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Control of Air Pollution From New Motor Vehicles: Heavy-Duty Engine and Vehicle Standards". Joint Resolution Passed - House (221 - 203)
5/03 H J Res 39 Disapproving the rule submitted by the Department of Commerce relating to "Procedures Covering Suspension of Liquidation, Duties and Estimated Duties in Accord with Presidential Proclamation 10414" Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (56 - 41)
4/28 H J Res 39 Disapproving the rule submitted by the Department of Commerce relating to "Procedures Covering Suspension of Liquidation, Duties and Estimated Duties in Accord with Presidential Proclamation 10414" Joint Resolution Passed - House (221 - 202)
4/26 S J Res 11 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Control of Air Pollution From New Motor Vehicles: Heavy-Duty Engine and Vehicle Standards". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (50 - 49)
4/20 HR 734 Protection of Women and Girls in Sports Act of 2023 Bill Passed - House (219 - 203)
3/30 HR 1 Lower Energy Costs Act Bill Passed - House (225 - 204)
3/29 H J Res 7 Relating to a national emergency declared by the President on March 13, 2020 Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (68 - 23)
3/29 S 316 A bill to repeal the authorizations for use of military force against Iraq. Bill Passed - Senate (66 - 30)
3/24 HR 5 Parents Bill of Rights Act Bill Passed - House (213 - 208)
3/16 S 316 A bill to repeal the authorizations for use of military force against Iraq. Cloture Invoked - Senate (68 - 27)
3/10 S 619 COVID-19 Origin Act of 2023 Bill Passed - House (419 - 0)
3/01 H J Res 30 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Labor relating to "Prudence and Loyalty in Selecting Plan Investments and Exercising Shareholder Rights" Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (50 - 46)
3/01 HR 347 Reduce Exacerbated Inflation Negatively Impacting the Nation Act Bill Passed - House (272 - 148)
2/28 H J Res 30 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Labor relating to "Prudence and Loyalty in Selecting Plan Investments and Exercising Shareholder Rights" Joint Resolution Passed - House (216 - 204)
2/08 HR 185 To terminate the requirement imposed by the Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for proof of COVID-19 vaccination for foreign travelers, and for other purposes. Bill Passed - House (227 - 201)
2/01 H J Res 7 Relating to a national emergency declared by the President on March 13, 2020 Joint Resolution Passed - House (229 - 197)
1/31 HR 382 Pandemic is Over Act Bill Passed - House (220 - 210)
1/31 HR 497 Freedom for Health Care Workers Act Bill Passed - House (227 - 203)
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