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Vote Smart provides easy access to congressional and state voting records and maintains a collection of key votes grouped by issue. Vote Smart uses the following criteria to select key votes:

  1. The vote should be helpful in portraying how a member stands on a particular issue
  2. The vote should be clear for any person to understand
  3. The vote has received media attention
  4. The vote was passed or defeated by a very close margin
  5. Occasionally, if a specific bill is consistently inquired about on the Voter's Research Hotline, the vote will be added

Vote Smart provides a summary of the version of the bill text associated with each selected key vote. Our summaries are written by Vote Smart's staff and interns, who adhere to our strict policies and procedures in order to guarantee absolute impartiality and accuracy. They do not necessarily reflect the content of the final version of the bill, but rather the version voted on in that stage. While many procedural votes take place before a full chamber vote, our voting stages reflect the final reading of each chamber vote. Each key vote selection is reviewed by the project's community of advisors, who are political scientists and journalists from all fifty states.

For more information about the legislative process, see here.

results per page:
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Date State Bill No. Title Outcome
Oct. 30, 2025 National S J Res 88 A joint resolution terminating the national emergency declared to impose global tariffs. Bill Passed - Senate (51 - 47)
Oct. 29, 2025 National S J Res 77 A joint resolution terminating the national emergency declared to impose duties on articles imported from Canada Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (50 - 46)
Aug. 2, 2025 National PN 26-39 Nomination of Andrew Puzder to be Representative of the United States to the European Union (EU) Nomination Confirmed - Senate (53 - 44)
Aug. 2, 2025 National PN 12-26 Nomination of Luke Lindberg to be Under Secretary of Agriculture for Trade and Foreign Agricultural Affairs Nomination Confirmed - Senate (78 - 17)
Aug. 2, 2025 National PN 26-2 Nomination of John Arrigo to be Ambassador to Portugal Nomination Confirmed - Senate (52 - 42)
Aug. 2, 2025 National PN 12-26 Nomination of Luke Lindberg to be Under Secretary of Agriculture for Trade and Foreign Agricultural Affairs Cloture Invoked - Senate (76 - 19)
Aug. 2, 2025 National PN 26-39 Nomination of Andrew Puzder to be Representative of the United States to the European Union (EU) Cloture Invoked - Senate (52 - 41)
July 29, 2025 National PN 22-13 Nomination of William Kimmitt to be Under Secretary of Commerce for International Trade Nomination Confirmed - Senate (51 - 47)
July 29, 2025 National PN 22-13 Nomination of William Kimmitt to be Under Secretary of Commerce for International Trade Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 47)
June 4, 2025 National PN 55-47 Nomination of Edward Walsh to be Ambassador to Ireland Nomination Confirmed - Senate (57 - 38)
June 4, 2025 National PN 55-47 Nomination of Edward Walsh to be Ambassador to Ireland Cloture Invoked - Senate (60 - 37)
April 30, 2025 National S J Res 49 A joint resolution terminating the national emergency declared to impose global tariffs. Motion Agreed - Senate (50 - 49)
April 29, 2025 National PN 26-3 Nomination of Thomas Barrack to be Ambassador to the Republic of Turkey Nomination Confirmed - Senate (60 - 36)
April 29, 2025 National PN 54-5 Nomination of David Perdue to be Ambassador to the People's Republic of China Nomination Confirmed - Senate (67 - 29)
April 29, 2025 National PN 24-5 Nomination of Warren Stephens to be Ambassador to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Nomination Confirmed - Senate (59 - 39)
April 29, 2025 National PN 24-5 Nomination of Warren Stephens to be Ambassador to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Cloture Invoked - Senate (59 - 39)
April 29, 2025 National PN 26-3 Nomination of Thomas Barrack to be Ambassador to the Republic of Turkey Cloture Invoked - Senate (62 - 36)
April 28, 2025 National PN 54-5 Nomination of David Perdue to be Ambassador to the People's Republic of China Cloture Invoked - Senate (64 - 27)
April 10, 2025 National PN 12-29 Nomination of Mark Meador to be a Federal Trade Commissioner Nomination Confirmed - Senate (50 - 46)
April 10, 2025 National PN 12-29 Nomination of Mark Meador to be a Federal Trade Commissioner Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 46)
April 2, 2025 National S J Res 37 A joint resolution terminating the national emergency declared to impose duties on articles imported from Canada. Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (51 - 48)
Feb. 26, 2025 National PN 11-17 Nomination of Jamieson Greer to be U.S. Trade Representative Nomination Confirmed - Senate (56 - 43)
March 21, 2024 National S J Res 62 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service relating to "Importation of Fresh Beef From Paraguay". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (70 - 25)
June 8, 2021 National S 1260 United States Innovation and Competition Act of 2021 Bill Passed - Senate (68 - 32)
March 2, 2021 National PN 78-15 Nomination of Gina Raimondo as Secretary of Commerce Nomination Confirmed - Senate (84 - 15)
Jan. 16, 2020 National HR 5430 United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement Implementation Act Bill Passed - Senate (89 - 10)
May 11, 2017 National PN 42 Nomination of Robert Lighthizer to be a United States Trade Representative (82 - 14)
May 11, 2017 National PN 42 Nomination of Robert Lighthizer to be a United States Trade Representative Cloture Invoked - Senate (81 - 15)
May 12, 2015 National HR 1314 Bipartisan Budget Act of 2015 Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (52 - 46)
March 23, 2013 National S Amdt 139 Prohibits the United States From Entering into the United Nations Arms Trade Treaty Amendment Adopted - Senate (53 - 46)
May 24, 2012 National S Amdt 2107 Authorizes Import of FDA-Approved Drugs from Canada Amendment Rejected - Senate (43 - 54)
May 15, 2012 National HR 2072 Export-Import Bank Reauthorization Act of 2012 Bill Passed - Senate (78 - 20)
March 20, 2012 National S Amdt 1836 Reauthorizing the Export-Import Bank of the United States Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (55 - 44)
Oct. 20, 2011 National S Amdt 769 Authorizes Individuals to Import FDA-Approved Drugs from Canada Amendment Rejected - Senate (45 - 55)
Oct. 18, 2011 National S Amdt 740 Repeals Funding for Trade Adjustment Assistance for Firms Amendment Rejected - Senate (44 - 55)
Oct. 12, 2011 National HR 3080 Free Trade Agreement with Korea Bill Passed - Senate (83 - 15)
Oct. 12, 2011 National HR 3078 Trade Promotion Agreement with Colombia Bill Passed - Senate (66 - 33)
Oct. 12, 2011 National HR 3079 Trade Promotion Agreement with Panama Bill Passed - Senate (77 - 22)
Oct. 11, 2011 National S 1619 Currency Exchange Rate Oversight Act of 2011 Bill Passed - Senate (63 - 35)
Sept. 22, 2011 National S Amdt 633 Extends Trade Adjustment Assistance Amendment Adopted - Senate (69 - 28)
Sept. 21, 2011 National S Amdt 645 Repeals the Trade Adjustment Assistance Program for Firms Amendment Rejected - Senate (43 - 54)
Sept. 21, 2011 National S Amdt 642 Modifies Eligibility Requirements for Trade Adjustment Assistance Amendment Rejected - Senate (40 - 57)
Sept. 21, 2011 National S Amdt 641 Requires Extension of Trade Adjustment Assistance to be Contingent Upon Ratification of Free Trade Agreements with Columbia, Korea and Panama Amendment Rejected - Senate (44 - 54)
Sept. 21, 2011 National S Amdt 625 Reducing and Extending Trade Adjustment Assistance Amendment Rejected - Senate (46 - 53)
Feb. 4, 2009 National S Amdt 279 Removing the Buy American Clause Amendment Rejected - Senate (31 - 65)
May 22, 2008 National HR 2419 Farm, Nutrition, and Bioenergy Act of 2007 (Farm Bill) Veto Override Passed - Senate (82 - 13)
May 15, 2008 National HR 2419 Farm, Nutrition, and Bioenergy Act of 2007 (Farm Bill) Conference Report Adopted - Senate (81 - 15)
March 14, 2008 National S Amdt 4299 Expressing the Sense of the Senate on the Legalization of Importing Certain Prescription Drugs Amendment Adopted - Senate (73 - 23)
Dec. 4, 2007 National HR 3688 United States-Peru Trade Agreement Bill Passed - Senate (77 - 18)
Sept. 11, 2007 National S Amdt 2797 Limiting Mexican Trucks to Commercial Zones Near the Border Between the U.S. and Mexico Amendment Adopted - Senate (75 - 23)
June 19, 2007 National S Amdt 1519 Preventing Petroleum Export Organizations (NOPEC Act of 2007) Amendment Adopted - Senate (70 - 23)
May 7, 2007 National S Amdt 1010 FDA Drug Import Certification Amendment Amendment Adopted - Senate (49 - 40)
Sept. 19, 2006 National HR 5684 U.S.-Oman Free Trade Agreement Implementation Bill Passed - Senate (62 - 32)
Sept. 13, 2006 National S Amdt 4999 Security of Cargo Containers Amendment Amendment Rejected - Senate (43 - 55)
June 29, 2006 National S 3569 U.S. -Oman Free Trade Agreement Bill Passed - Senate (60 - 34)
July 28, 2005 National HR 3045 CAFTA Implementation Bill Bill Passed - Senate (55 - 45)
July 26, 2005 National S Amdt 1351 Corporate Financing of Terrorism Amendment Amendment Rejected - Senate (47 - 51)
June 30, 2005 National S 1307 CAFTA Implementation Bill Bill Passed - Senate (54 - 45)
Oct. 11, 2004 National HR 4520 JOBS (Jumpstart Our Business Strength) Conference Report Adopted - Senate (69 - 17)
May 11, 2004 National S 1637 Jumpstart Our Business Strength (JOBS) Act Bill Passed - Senate (92 - 5)
July 31, 2003 National HR 2739 U.S.-Singapore Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act Bill Passed - Senate (66 - 32)
July 31, 2003 National HR 2738 U.S.-Chile Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act Bill Passed - Senate (65 - 32)
Aug. 1, 2002 National HR 3009 Andean Trade Preference Act Extension Conference Report Adopted - Senate (64 - 34)
July 31, 2002 National S 812 Greater Access to Affordable Pharmaceuticals Act Bill Passed - Senate (78 - 21)
Sept. 19, 2000 National HR 4444 U.S.-China Relations Act of 2000 Bill Passed - Senate (83 - 15)
Sept. 13, 2000 National S Amdt 4132 China Nonproliferation Act Amendment Tabled - Senate (65 - 32)
May 11, 2000 National HR 434 Africa Free Trade bill Conference Report Adopted - Senate (77 - 19)
Nov. 3, 1999 National HR 434 Africa Free Trade bill Bill Passed - Senate (76 - 19)
July 17, 1997 National S Amdt 890 Most Favored Nation Repeal Amendment Amendment Rejected - Senate (22 - 77)
March 5, 1996 National HR 927 Cuba Sanctions Bill Conference Report Adopted - Senate (74 - 22)
Oct. 19, 1995 National HR 927 Cuba Sanctions Bill Bill Passed - Senate (74 - 24)
Dec. 1, 1994 National HR 5110 Uruguay Round Agreements Act Bill Passed - Senate (76 - 24)
July 1, 1994 National S Amdt 1851 Bosnia Arms Embargo Amendment Amendment Rejected - Senate (50 - 50)
May 12, 1994 National S Amdt 1695 Bosnia Arms Embargo Amendment Amendment Adopted - Senate (50 - 49)
Jan. 27, 1994 National S Amdt 1263 Vietnam Trade Embargo Amendment Adopted - Senate (62 - 38)
Nov. 20, 1993 National HR 3450 North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) Implementation Act Bill Passed - Senate (61 - 38)
June 30, 1993 National HR 1876 GATT Uruguay Round Bill Bill Passed - Senate (76 - 16)
Oct. 1, 1992 National HR 5318 Conditional Extension of Most-Favored-Nation Trade Status to China Veto Override Failed - Senate (59 - 40)
Date No. Title Outcome
10/30 S J Res 88 A joint resolution terminating the national emergency declared to impose global tariffs. Bill Passed - Senate (51 - 47)
10/29 S J Res 77 A joint resolution terminating the national emergency declared to impose duties on articles imported from Canada Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (50 - 46)
8/02 PN 26-39 Nomination of Andrew Puzder to be Representative of the United States to the European Union (EU) Nomination Confirmed - Senate (53 - 44)
8/02 PN 12-26 Nomination of Luke Lindberg to be Under Secretary of Agriculture for Trade and Foreign Agricultural Affairs Nomination Confirmed - Senate (78 - 17)
8/02 PN 26-2 Nomination of John Arrigo to be Ambassador to Portugal Nomination Confirmed - Senate (52 - 42)
8/02 PN 12-26 Nomination of Luke Lindberg to be Under Secretary of Agriculture for Trade and Foreign Agricultural Affairs Cloture Invoked - Senate (76 - 19)
8/02 PN 26-39 Nomination of Andrew Puzder to be Representative of the United States to the European Union (EU) Cloture Invoked - Senate (52 - 41)
7/29 PN 22-13 Nomination of William Kimmitt to be Under Secretary of Commerce for International Trade Nomination Confirmed - Senate (51 - 47)
7/29 PN 22-13 Nomination of William Kimmitt to be Under Secretary of Commerce for International Trade Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 47)
6/04 PN 55-47 Nomination of Edward Walsh to be Ambassador to Ireland Nomination Confirmed - Senate (57 - 38)
6/04 PN 55-47 Nomination of Edward Walsh to be Ambassador to Ireland Cloture Invoked - Senate (60 - 37)
4/30 S J Res 49 A joint resolution terminating the national emergency declared to impose global tariffs. Motion Agreed - Senate (50 - 49)
4/29 PN 26-3 Nomination of Thomas Barrack to be Ambassador to the Republic of Turkey Nomination Confirmed - Senate (60 - 36)
4/29 PN 54-5 Nomination of David Perdue to be Ambassador to the People's Republic of China Nomination Confirmed - Senate (67 - 29)
4/29 PN 24-5 Nomination of Warren Stephens to be Ambassador to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Nomination Confirmed - Senate (59 - 39)
4/29 PN 24-5 Nomination of Warren Stephens to be Ambassador to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Cloture Invoked - Senate (59 - 39)
4/29 PN 26-3 Nomination of Thomas Barrack to be Ambassador to the Republic of Turkey Cloture Invoked - Senate (62 - 36)
4/28 PN 54-5 Nomination of David Perdue to be Ambassador to the People's Republic of China Cloture Invoked - Senate (64 - 27)
4/10 PN 12-29 Nomination of Mark Meador to be a Federal Trade Commissioner Nomination Confirmed - Senate (50 - 46)
4/10 PN 12-29 Nomination of Mark Meador to be a Federal Trade Commissioner Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 46)
4/02 S J Res 37 A joint resolution terminating the national emergency declared to impose duties on articles imported from Canada. Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (51 - 48)
2/26 PN 11-17 Nomination of Jamieson Greer to be U.S. Trade Representative Nomination Confirmed - Senate (56 - 43)
3/21 S J Res 62 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service relating to "Importation of Fresh Beef From Paraguay". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (70 - 25)
6/08 S 1260 United States Innovation and Competition Act of 2021 Bill Passed - Senate (68 - 32)
3/02 PN 78-15 Nomination of Gina Raimondo as Secretary of Commerce Nomination Confirmed - Senate (84 - 15)
1/16 HR 5430 United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement Implementation Act Bill Passed - Senate (89 - 10)
5/11 PN 42 Nomination of Robert Lighthizer to be a United States Trade Representative (82 - 14)
5/11 PN 42 Nomination of Robert Lighthizer to be a United States Trade Representative Cloture Invoked - Senate (81 - 15)
5/12 HR 1314 Bipartisan Budget Act of 2015 Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (52 - 46)
3/23 S Amdt 139 Prohibits the United States From Entering into the United Nations Arms Trade Treaty Amendment Adopted - Senate (53 - 46)
5/24 S Amdt 2107 Authorizes Import of FDA-Approved Drugs from Canada Amendment Rejected - Senate (43 - 54)
5/15 HR 2072 Export-Import Bank Reauthorization Act of 2012 Bill Passed - Senate (78 - 20)
3/20 S Amdt 1836 Reauthorizing the Export-Import Bank of the United States Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (55 - 44)
10/20 S Amdt 769 Authorizes Individuals to Import FDA-Approved Drugs from Canada Amendment Rejected - Senate (45 - 55)
10/18 S Amdt 740 Repeals Funding for Trade Adjustment Assistance for Firms Amendment Rejected - Senate (44 - 55)
10/12 HR 3080 Free Trade Agreement with Korea Bill Passed - Senate (83 - 15)
10/12 HR 3078 Trade Promotion Agreement with Colombia Bill Passed - Senate (66 - 33)
10/12 HR 3079 Trade Promotion Agreement with Panama Bill Passed - Senate (77 - 22)
10/11 S 1619 Currency Exchange Rate Oversight Act of 2011 Bill Passed - Senate (63 - 35)
9/22 S Amdt 633 Extends Trade Adjustment Assistance Amendment Adopted - Senate (69 - 28)
9/21 S Amdt 645 Repeals the Trade Adjustment Assistance Program for Firms Amendment Rejected - Senate (43 - 54)
9/21 S Amdt 642 Modifies Eligibility Requirements for Trade Adjustment Assistance Amendment Rejected - Senate (40 - 57)
9/21 S Amdt 641 Requires Extension of Trade Adjustment Assistance to be Contingent Upon Ratification of Free Trade Agreements with Columbia, Korea and Panama Amendment Rejected - Senate (44 - 54)
9/21 S Amdt 625 Reducing and Extending Trade Adjustment Assistance Amendment Rejected - Senate (46 - 53)
2/04 S Amdt 279 Removing the Buy American Clause Amendment Rejected - Senate (31 - 65)
5/22 HR 2419 Farm, Nutrition, and Bioenergy Act of 2007 (Farm Bill) Veto Override Passed - Senate (82 - 13)
5/15 HR 2419 Farm, Nutrition, and Bioenergy Act of 2007 (Farm Bill) Conference Report Adopted - Senate (81 - 15)
3/14 S Amdt 4299 Expressing the Sense of the Senate on the Legalization of Importing Certain Prescription Drugs Amendment Adopted - Senate (73 - 23)
12/04 HR 3688 United States-Peru Trade Agreement Bill Passed - Senate (77 - 18)
9/11 S Amdt 2797 Limiting Mexican Trucks to Commercial Zones Near the Border Between the U.S. and Mexico Amendment Adopted - Senate (75 - 23)
6/19 S Amdt 1519 Preventing Petroleum Export Organizations (NOPEC Act of 2007) Amendment Adopted - Senate (70 - 23)
5/07 S Amdt 1010 FDA Drug Import Certification Amendment Amendment Adopted - Senate (49 - 40)
9/19 HR 5684 U.S.-Oman Free Trade Agreement Implementation Bill Passed - Senate (62 - 32)
9/13 S Amdt 4999 Security of Cargo Containers Amendment Amendment Rejected - Senate (43 - 55)
6/29 S 3569 U.S. -Oman Free Trade Agreement Bill Passed - Senate (60 - 34)
7/28 HR 3045 CAFTA Implementation Bill Bill Passed - Senate (55 - 45)
7/26 S Amdt 1351 Corporate Financing of Terrorism Amendment Amendment Rejected - Senate (47 - 51)
6/30 S 1307 CAFTA Implementation Bill Bill Passed - Senate (54 - 45)
10/11 HR 4520 JOBS (Jumpstart Our Business Strength) Conference Report Adopted - Senate (69 - 17)
5/11 S 1637 Jumpstart Our Business Strength (JOBS) Act Bill Passed - Senate (92 - 5)
7/31 HR 2739 U.S.-Singapore Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act Bill Passed - Senate (66 - 32)
7/31 HR 2738 U.S.-Chile Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act Bill Passed - Senate (65 - 32)
8/01 HR 3009 Andean Trade Preference Act Extension Conference Report Adopted - Senate (64 - 34)
7/31 S 812 Greater Access to Affordable Pharmaceuticals Act Bill Passed - Senate (78 - 21)
9/19 HR 4444 U.S.-China Relations Act of 2000 Bill Passed - Senate (83 - 15)
9/13 S Amdt 4132 China Nonproliferation Act Amendment Tabled - Senate (65 - 32)
5/11 HR 434 Africa Free Trade bill Conference Report Adopted - Senate (77 - 19)
11/03 HR 434 Africa Free Trade bill Bill Passed - Senate (76 - 19)
7/17 S Amdt 890 Most Favored Nation Repeal Amendment Amendment Rejected - Senate (22 - 77)
3/05 HR 927 Cuba Sanctions Bill Conference Report Adopted - Senate (74 - 22)
10/19 HR 927 Cuba Sanctions Bill Bill Passed - Senate (74 - 24)
12/01 HR 5110 Uruguay Round Agreements Act Bill Passed - Senate (76 - 24)
7/01 S Amdt 1851 Bosnia Arms Embargo Amendment Amendment Rejected - Senate (50 - 50)
5/12 S Amdt 1695 Bosnia Arms Embargo Amendment Amendment Adopted - Senate (50 - 49)
1/27 S Amdt 1263 Vietnam Trade Embargo Amendment Adopted - Senate (62 - 38)
11/20 HR 3450 North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) Implementation Act Bill Passed - Senate (61 - 38)
6/30 HR 1876 GATT Uruguay Round Bill Bill Passed - Senate (76 - 16)
10/01 HR 5318 Conditional Extension of Most-Favored-Nation Trade Status to China Veto Override Failed - Senate (59 - 40)
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