Key Votes

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Vote Smart provides easy access to congressional and state voting records and maintains a collection of key votes grouped by issue. Vote Smart uses the following criteria to select key votes:

  1. The vote should be helpful in portraying how a member stands on a particular issue
  2. The vote should be clear for any person to understand
  3. The vote has received media attention
  4. The vote was passed or defeated by a very close margin
  5. Occasionally, if a specific bill is consistently inquired about on the Voter's Research Hotline, the vote will be added

Vote Smart provides a summary of the version of the bill text associated with each selected key vote. Our summaries are written by Vote Smart's staff and interns, who adhere to our strict policies and procedures in order to guarantee absolute impartiality and accuracy. They do not necessarily reflect the content of the final version of the bill, but rather the version voted on in that stage. While many procedural votes take place before a full chamber vote, our voting stages reflect the final reading of each chamber vote. Each key vote selection is reviewed by the project's community of advisors, who are political scientists and journalists from all fifty states.

For more information about the legislative process, see here.


results per page:
Date State Bill No. Title Outcome
Sept. 15, 2025 National PN 464 Nomination of Stephen Miran to be a Member of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System Nomination Confirmed - Senate (48 - 47)
Sept. 15, 2025 National PN 464 Nomination of Stephen Miran to be a Member of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System Cloture Invoked - Senate (50 - 44)
Sept. 12, 2025 CA AB 1079 Repeals the Automatic Stay of Judgment in Voting Rights and Fair Maps Cases Bill Passed - Senate (25 - 13)
Sept. 12, 2025 CA AB 1098 Establishes the California Education Interagency Council Bill Passed - Senate (38 - 0)
Sept. 9, 2025 National PN 129-10 Nomination of Robert Law to be Under Secretary for Strategy, Policy, and Plans, Department of Homeland Security Nomination Confirmed - Senate (49 - 46)
Sept. 9, 2025 National PN 129-10 Nomination of Robert Law to be Under Secretary for Strategy, Policy, and Plans, Department of Homeland Security Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 46)
Sept. 9, 2025 PA SB 460 Amends Procedures for When a Governor or Lieutenant Governor is Unable to Perform Their Duties Bill Passed - Senate (35 - 14)
Sept. 9, 2025 PA SB 460 Amends Procedures for When a Governor or Lieutenant Governor is Unable to Perform Their Duties Bill Passed - Senate (35 - 14)
Sept. 8, 2025 CA AB 5 Requires Election Officials to Complete the Counting of All Ballots Within 13 Days Following an Election Bill Passed - Senate (38 - 0)
Sept. 4, 2025 TX HB 18 (Special Session) Prohibits Lawmakers From Accepting Campaign Donations While Absent From an Ongoing Legislative Session Bill Passed - Senate (18 - 8)
Aug. 21, 2025 CA SB 280 Establishes Timelines Procedures, and Appropriates Funding for Redistricting Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (30 - 8)
Aug. 21, 2025 CA AB 604 Amends State Congressional Districts Bill Passed - Senate (30 - 9)
Aug. 21, 2025 CA ACA 8 Authorizes a Constitutional Amendment on Congressional Redistricting Amendment Adopted - Senate (30 - 8)
Aug. 21, 2025 CA ACA 8 Authorizes a Constitutional Amendment on Congressional Redistricting Amendment Adopted - Senate (30 - 8)
Aug. 12, 2025 TX SB 4 (Special Session) Amends State Congressional Districts Bill Passed - Senate (19 - 2)
Aug. 12, 2025 TX SB 14 (Special Session) Prohibits the Release of Police Personnel Records Bill Passed - Senate (18 - 10)
Aug. 12, 2025 TX SB 2 (Special Session) Requires the Texas Water Development Board to Identify High-Risk Flood Areas and Require Local Governments to Install Outdoor Warning Sirens in Those Locations Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 0)
Aug. 12, 2025 TX SB 16 (Special Session) Appropriates Funding for the State Judicial Omnibus Package Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 0)
Aug. 12, 2025 PA SB 160 Appropriates Funds for the General Operating Budget for Fiscal Year 2025-2026 Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 22)
Aug. 2, 2025 National PN 25-16 Nomination of Catherine Hanson to be Chief Financial Officer of the Environmental Protection Agency Nomination Confirmed - Senate (50 - 45)
Aug. 2, 2025 National PN 24-2 Nomination of Sean Cairncross to be National Cyber Director Nomination Confirmed - Senate (59 - 35)
Aug. 2, 2025 National PN 55-43 Nomination of Adam Telle to be an Assistant Secretary of the Army Nomination Confirmed - Senate (72 - 22)
Aug. 2, 2025 National PN 22-18 Nomination of Marcus Molinaro to be Federal Transit Administrator Nomination Confirmed - Senate (71 - 23)
Aug. 1, 2025 National PN 13-11 Nomination of Casey Mulligan to be Chief Counsel for Advocacy, Small Business Administration Nomination Confirmed - Senate (52 - 44)
Aug. 1, 2025 National PN 55-36 Nomination of Luigi Rinaldi to be Ambassador to Uruguay Nomination Confirmed - Senate (51 - 44)
Date No. Title Outcome
9/15 PN 464 Nomination of Stephen Miran to be a Member of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System Nomination Confirmed - Senate (48 - 47)
9/15 PN 464 Nomination of Stephen Miran to be a Member of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System Cloture Invoked - Senate (50 - 44)
9/12 AB 1079 Repeals the Automatic Stay of Judgment in Voting Rights and Fair Maps Cases Bill Passed - Senate (25 - 13)
9/12 AB 1098 Establishes the California Education Interagency Council Bill Passed - Senate (38 - 0)
9/09 PN 129-10 Nomination of Robert Law to be Under Secretary for Strategy, Policy, and Plans, Department of Homeland Security Nomination Confirmed - Senate (49 - 46)
9/09 PN 129-10 Nomination of Robert Law to be Under Secretary for Strategy, Policy, and Plans, Department of Homeland Security Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 46)
9/09 SB 460 Amends Procedures for When a Governor or Lieutenant Governor is Unable to Perform Their Duties Bill Passed - Senate (35 - 14)
9/09 SB 460 Amends Procedures for When a Governor or Lieutenant Governor is Unable to Perform Their Duties Bill Passed - Senate (35 - 14)
9/08 AB 5 Requires Election Officials to Complete the Counting of All Ballots Within 13 Days Following an Election Bill Passed - Senate (38 - 0)
9/04 HB 18 (Special Session) Prohibits Lawmakers From Accepting Campaign Donations While Absent From an Ongoing Legislative Session Bill Passed - Senate (18 - 8)
8/21 SB 280 Establishes Timelines Procedures, and Appropriates Funding for Redistricting Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (30 - 8)
8/21 AB 604 Amends State Congressional Districts Bill Passed - Senate (30 - 9)
8/21 ACA 8 Authorizes a Constitutional Amendment on Congressional Redistricting Amendment Adopted - Senate (30 - 8)
8/21 ACA 8 Authorizes a Constitutional Amendment on Congressional Redistricting Amendment Adopted - Senate (30 - 8)
8/12 SB 4 (Special Session) Amends State Congressional Districts Bill Passed - Senate (19 - 2)
8/12 SB 14 (Special Session) Prohibits the Release of Police Personnel Records Bill Passed - Senate (18 - 10)
8/12 SB 2 (Special Session) Requires the Texas Water Development Board to Identify High-Risk Flood Areas and Require Local Governments to Install Outdoor Warning Sirens in Those Locations Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 0)
8/12 SB 16 (Special Session) Appropriates Funding for the State Judicial Omnibus Package Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 0)
8/12 SB 160 Appropriates Funds for the General Operating Budget for Fiscal Year 2025-2026 Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 22)
8/02 PN 25-16 Nomination of Catherine Hanson to be Chief Financial Officer of the Environmental Protection Agency Nomination Confirmed - Senate (50 - 45)
8/02 PN 24-2 Nomination of Sean Cairncross to be National Cyber Director Nomination Confirmed - Senate (59 - 35)
8/02 PN 55-43 Nomination of Adam Telle to be an Assistant Secretary of the Army Nomination Confirmed - Senate (72 - 22)
8/02 PN 22-18 Nomination of Marcus Molinaro to be Federal Transit Administrator Nomination Confirmed - Senate (71 - 23)
8/01 PN 13-11 Nomination of Casey Mulligan to be Chief Counsel for Advocacy, Small Business Administration Nomination Confirmed - Senate (52 - 44)
8/01 PN 55-36 Nomination of Luigi Rinaldi to be Ambassador to Uruguay Nomination Confirmed - Senate (51 - 44)

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